ROY - Theory Analysis: Is the theory logical - is there a model - does the model explain the theory?
(Image left, Roy’s adaptation theory, 1999. [Online image].)
Sister Callista Roy created the Adaptation Model, a conceptual deductive theory, which is considered the infrastructure of the nursing profession. This model focuses on both physiological and psychosocial adaptations of nurses and patients environment (McEwen & Willis, 2011). The three major assumptions are philosophical, scientific and cultural. Here are specific examples that McEwen and Willis (2011) cite in regards to each assumption:
-Philosophical:
People have mutual relationships with the world and God, people use human creative abilities of awareness, enlightenment, and faith
-Scientific: Self and environmental awareness is rooted in thinking and feeling, system relationships include acceptance, protection, and fostering interdependence
-Cultural: Cultural expression may lead to changes nursing practices like nursing assessments, cultural experiences influence how Roy’s Model is expressed
Adaptation is manifested by four interrelated modes of behavior including physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes (Kalaldeh & Shosha, 2012). In other words, a person will react to their environment according to their coping processes, which are the regulator and the cognator. In the regulator subsystem, persons respond automatically to the environmental stimuli through innate, physiological adaptive processes, while in the cognator subsystem, processes environment through cognitive and emotional channels, like personal perception and information processing, learning, judgment and emotion
(Kalaldeh & Shosha, 2012). The four adaptive modes are as follows for assessment (McEwen & Willis, 2013):
-Physiological: physical and chemical processes involved in the function and activities of living organisms…underlying need is physiological integrity
-Self-Concept: psychological and spiritual integrity, sense of unity, meaning, purposefulness of Universe
-Role Function: roles on people in society filling their needs for social integrity, relating self to others
-Interdependence: close relationships of people and their purpose, structure and development
The RAM is a “deductive theory based on nursing practice” (McEwen & Willis, 2011) and its conceptual framework is not only logical and in its form and function, but relevant in all aspects of nursing. “Roy built on the conceptual framework of adaptation and developed a step-by-step model by which nurses use the nursing process to administer nursing care to promote adaptation in situations of health and illness” (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). This model is widely practiced in institutions throughout the world, and can truly be practiced in any clinical setting. The Roy Adaptation Model has “been used extensively to guide practice and to organize nursing education” (McEwen & Willis, 2011). In fact many nurses “use the model as a framework to conceptualize and plan the care of patients one at a time, or use the model to create an intervention for a discrete clinical population” (Senesac, 2010). For as nurses we are taught to observe and critically think regarding our patients and the RAM reflects this nursing process. For we observe, assess and then extrapolate information to form nursing diagnoses and interventions. After intervening, we then reassess the effectiveness of our interventions and either continue the care or modify to meet the patient’s needs.
-Philosophical:
People have mutual relationships with the world and God, people use human creative abilities of awareness, enlightenment, and faith
-Scientific: Self and environmental awareness is rooted in thinking and feeling, system relationships include acceptance, protection, and fostering interdependence
-Cultural: Cultural expression may lead to changes nursing practices like nursing assessments, cultural experiences influence how Roy’s Model is expressed
Adaptation is manifested by four interrelated modes of behavior including physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes (Kalaldeh & Shosha, 2012). In other words, a person will react to their environment according to their coping processes, which are the regulator and the cognator. In the regulator subsystem, persons respond automatically to the environmental stimuli through innate, physiological adaptive processes, while in the cognator subsystem, processes environment through cognitive and emotional channels, like personal perception and information processing, learning, judgment and emotion
(Kalaldeh & Shosha, 2012). The four adaptive modes are as follows for assessment (McEwen & Willis, 2013):
-Physiological: physical and chemical processes involved in the function and activities of living organisms…underlying need is physiological integrity
-Self-Concept: psychological and spiritual integrity, sense of unity, meaning, purposefulness of Universe
-Role Function: roles on people in society filling their needs for social integrity, relating self to others
-Interdependence: close relationships of people and their purpose, structure and development
The RAM is a “deductive theory based on nursing practice” (McEwen & Willis, 2011) and its conceptual framework is not only logical and in its form and function, but relevant in all aspects of nursing. “Roy built on the conceptual framework of adaptation and developed a step-by-step model by which nurses use the nursing process to administer nursing care to promote adaptation in situations of health and illness” (Alligood & Tomey, 2010). This model is widely practiced in institutions throughout the world, and can truly be practiced in any clinical setting. The Roy Adaptation Model has “been used extensively to guide practice and to organize nursing education” (McEwen & Willis, 2011). In fact many nurses “use the model as a framework to conceptualize and plan the care of patients one at a time, or use the model to create an intervention for a discrete clinical population” (Senesac, 2010). For as nurses we are taught to observe and critically think regarding our patients and the RAM reflects this nursing process. For we observe, assess and then extrapolate information to form nursing diagnoses and interventions. After intervening, we then reassess the effectiveness of our interventions and either continue the care or modify to meet the patient’s needs.
References
Alligood, M.R, & Marriner-Tomey, A., Editors. (2010). Nursing theorists
and their work. 7th ed. St. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby.
Dobratz, M. (2005). A comparative study of life-closing spirituality in home hospice patients. Research and Theory of Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 19(3).
Kalaldeh, M. & Shosha, G.A. (2012). A critical analysis of using Roy’s adaptation model in nursing research. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(4). Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu/1775409/A_CRITICAL_ANALYSIS_OFUSING_ROYS_ADAPTATION_MODEL_IN_NURSING_RESEARCH
McEwen, M.& Wills, E.M. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (3rd edition) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams& Wilkin.
MSN clinical nurse leader specialization. (n.d.). Sacred Heart University. Retrieved from http://onlineprograms.sacredheart.edu/msn-clinical-nurse-leader.asp
Parker, M.E. (2001). Nursing theories and nursing
practice. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
Roy’s adaptation theory [online image]. Retrieved from
http://nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2008/07/sister-callista-roy-adaptation-theory.html
Senesac, P. (2010). The Roy adaptation model in
practice. Retrieved from
http://www.bc.edu/content/bc/schools/son/faculty/featured/theorist/Roy_Adaptation_Model/Practice.html
Sister Callista Roy [Online image]. Retrieved from
http://nursing.alumni.ucla.edu/distinguished/bio/roy.aspx
Alligood, M.R, & Marriner-Tomey, A., Editors. (2010). Nursing theorists
and their work. 7th ed. St. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby.
Dobratz, M. (2005). A comparative study of life-closing spirituality in home hospice patients. Research and Theory of Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 19(3).
Kalaldeh, M. & Shosha, G.A. (2012). A critical analysis of using Roy’s adaptation model in nursing research. International Journal of Academic Research, 4(4). Retrieved from
http://www.academia.edu/1775409/A_CRITICAL_ANALYSIS_OFUSING_ROYS_ADAPTATION_MODEL_IN_NURSING_RESEARCH
McEwen, M.& Wills, E.M. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (3rd edition) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams& Wilkin.
MSN clinical nurse leader specialization. (n.d.). Sacred Heart University. Retrieved from http://onlineprograms.sacredheart.edu/msn-clinical-nurse-leader.asp
Parker, M.E. (2001). Nursing theories and nursing
practice. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
Roy’s adaptation theory [online image]. Retrieved from
http://nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2008/07/sister-callista-roy-adaptation-theory.html
Senesac, P. (2010). The Roy adaptation model in
practice. Retrieved from
http://www.bc.edu/content/bc/schools/son/faculty/featured/theorist/Roy_Adaptation_Model/Practice.html
Sister Callista Roy [Online image]. Retrieved from
http://nursing.alumni.ucla.edu/distinguished/bio/roy.aspx
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